The Effects of Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) Presence and Population Control on the Structure of an Alpine Grassland Bird Community     

Joseph P. LAMBERT  Johanna V. HARTMANN  SHI Kun  Philip RIORDAN 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2023,14(1):46-56

China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is an important area for bird conservation, with many endemic and Threatened species. Colonial burrowing mammals play an important role in structuring bird communities in arid grasslands around the world. On the QTP, the plateau pika Ocho tona curzoniae builds colonies which provide a dense source of resources for many bird species. However, pikas are regarded as a pest by local pastoralists, and they are the target of a population reduction campaign which could have a significant impact on the bird communities. We surveyed bird communities at Gansu Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve to investigate the differences in community structure between sites with pika colonies (on colony) and sites without them (off colony), and between pika colonies which had been poisoned and those which had not. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) combined with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, we found that there was no significant difference in bird community composition or abundance between the poisoned and untreated colonies. However, there was a very large and statistically significant difference in bird community structures between on- and off-colony sites. Only horned lark Eremophila alpestris was consistently observed at sites without pika colonies, while ten bird species were observed on colonies. Six species were significantly more abundant on colony than off. While we could not claim that the poisoning campaign at Yanchiwan is altering bird communities, the presence of pika colonies seems to be an indispensable resource for the resident birds.  相似文献   

Marine Plankton Functional Groups Variation and Ecosystem Change     

Sun Song  Sun Xiaoxia 《地球科学进展》2014,29(7):854-858

Marine ecosystem plays a vital role in the economy and society because of its service and production function. Marine ecosystem always changes under the pressure of climate change and human activities. We concern about the status and future of the ecosystem, but it is very difficult to assess and predict the ecosystem health condition. Marine biodiversity is one of the very important indicators of the marine ecosystem change. We focus not only on species composition and quantity change of marine organisms. It is important to determine which are the main contributors to the structure and function of the ecosystem. According to the function of various plankton species in an ecosystem, they can be divided into different functional groups based on the similarity of their ecological roles. By studying the changes of the functional groups, we can enhance our ability to understand the structure and function of ecosystem, and to predict the trend of ecosystem change and the resultant effect on marine biological resource and environment under the multiple pressures of global climate change and human activities. This will help us to establish the marine ecosystem based management.  相似文献   

改进 GＲNN 网络预测致密砂岩气层压裂产能     

蒋必辞  潘保芝  庄华  张海涛  杨小明  陈刚 《世界地质》2014,33(2):471-476

致密砂岩储层孔隙度小、渗透率低、含气饱和度低,基本上没有自然产能,需要进行压裂,所以压裂产能的预测很重要。广义回归神经网络 ( GＲNN) 稳定,对样本数量的要求低。产能预测关键是样本的选取以及扩展因子的选取。在原有的 GＲNN 预测产能的基础上,利用交叉验证法改进 GＲNN 网络,选取最优的样本确定最优的 GＲNN 网络结构,利用循环判断法,选取最优的扩展因子。改进的 GＲNN 神经网络可以避免确定 GＲNN 网络结构和扩展因子过程中过多的人为影响。笔者利用灰色关联分析法分析压裂产能的影响因素,利用改进的 GＲNN 网络有针对性地建立适合苏里格地区致密砂岩气层的压裂产能预测模型。结果表明该方法在苏里格地区气层压裂产能预测中有较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

Scientists' warning on extreme wildfire risks to water supply     

François-Nicolas Robinne  Dennis W. Hallema  Kevin D. Bladon  Mike D. Flannigan  Gabrielle Boisramé  Christian M. Bréthaut  Stefan H. Doerr  Giuliano Di Baldassarre  Louise A. Gallagher  Amanda K. Hohner  Stuart J. Khan  Alicia M. Kinoshita  Rua Mordecai  João Pedro Nunes  Petter Nyman  Cristina Santín  Gary Sheridan  Cathelijne R. Stoof  Matthew P. Thompson  James M. Waddington  Yu Wei 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14086

2020 is the year of wildfire records. California experienced its three largest fires early in its fire season. The Pantanal, the largest wetland on the planet, burned over 20% of its surface. More than 18 million hectares of forest and bushland burned during the 2019–2020 fire season in Australia, killing 33 people, destroying nearly 2500 homes, and endangering many endemic species. The direct cost of damages is being counted in dozens of billion dollars, but the indirect costs on water-related ecosystem services and benefits could be equally expensive, with impacts lasting for decades. In Australia, the extreme precipitation (“200 mm day −1 in several location”) that interrupted the catastrophic wildfire season triggered a series of watershed effects from headwaters to areas downstream. The increased runoff and erosion from burned areas disrupted water supplies in several locations. These post-fire watershed hazards via source water contamination, flash floods, and mudslides can represent substantial, systemic long-term risks to drinking water production, aquatic life, and socio-economic activity. Scenarios similar to the recent event in Australia are now predicted to unfold in the Western USA. This is a new reality that societies will have to live with as uncharted fire activity, water crises, and widespread human footprint collide all-around of the world. Therefore, we advocate for a more proactive approach to wildfire-watershed risk governance in an effort to advance and protect water security. We also argue that there is no easy solution to reducing this risk and that investments in both green (i.e., natural) and grey (i.e., built) infrastructure will be necessary. Further, we propose strategies to combine modern data analytics with existing tools for use by water and land managers worldwide to leverage several decades worth of data and knowledge on post-fire hydrology.  相似文献   

基于PSR模型的乌梁素海生态系统健康分区评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛旭锋  崔丽娟  张曼胤 《湖泊科学》2013,25(6):950-958

在压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response,PSR)模型的基础上,诊断了内蒙古乌梁素海不同湖区的生态系统健康状态.从湖泊生态环境特征、生态功能和社会环境3个方面筛选出25项诊断指标,在专家打分法的基础上,采用层次分析法确定每项指标的权重.根据湖区生态环境特征差异,将湖泊划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ3个不同的区域,分别诊断各个区域的健康状态.结果显示,乌梁素海生态系统综合健康指数在0.3~0.5之间,属于警戒或者较差的状态.Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ区域的综合健康指数分别为0.3395、0.3866和0.4494.基于湖泊的生态系统健康存在区位上差异,为恢复湖泊健康提出有针对性的措施.本研究的开展,可为湖泊生态系统恢复和管理政策的制定提供科学依据.  相似文献   

平均热点参考基准的建立和岩石圈西向漂移的研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱新慧  孙付平  王刃 《地球物理学报》2013,56(8):2603-2612

对于大地测量应用来说,目前IERS机构在定义地球参考系时推荐采用岩石圈无整体旋转(No-Net-Rotation-NNR)约束条件,然而对于地球物理应用来说,相对于NNR参考基准的绝对板块运动数据可能会对地幔对流等研究结果产生误导.考虑到热点的运动,提出建立平均热点(MHS-Medial HotSpot)参考基准的方法,给出建立该基准的约束准则,分别以地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A和实测模型ITRF2005VEL为基础,建立了平均热点参考基准MHS-NUVEL1A和MHS-ITRF2005,并与其它基于热点的绝对板块运动模型进行了比较和分析;讨论了岩石圈的西向漂移,给出了岩石圈相对于下地幔整体旋转的更精确的定量估计,即基于实测的热点参考架MHS-ITRF2005和地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A之间的整体旋转为0.26°/Ma,旋转极在(50°S, 62°E),这与由板块的受力模型给出的岩石圈的整体旋转的旋转极很接近,旋转速率大致快了10%.  相似文献   

旅游景观生态系统功能优化研究初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋依依  张小飞  王仰麟  岳隽 《地理科学进展》2008,27(3):127-133

在旅游业迅速发展与快速蔓延的趋势下,如何协调旅游目的地的人地关系,促进区域的可持续发展,是极 具理论与应用价值的科学问题。研究利用景观生态学的基本原理,从要素相互作用关系出发,将旅游景观生态系统 的功能视作各要素相互作用所形成的相应于人类社会需求的表现形式。在此基础上,分析了功能的类型、特征与结 构,总结了功能变化的影响因素,并强调促进要素协调与优化空间配置是实现旅游景观生态系统功能优化研究的 重要途径。  相似文献   

陆地生态系统碳- 水耦合机制初探   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

赵风华  于贵瑞 《地理科学进展》2008,27(1):32-38

陆地生态系统的碳循环和水循环是当前全球变化研究的热点。大量的研究已经表明两者之间具有密切的 耦合作用。但是目前对于两者的耦合关系和耦合机制还缺乏系统的分析和总结。本文在综合相关研究的基础上,对 陆地生态系统碳- 水耦合的基本过程和基本作用机制作了概括。我们认为陆地生态系统碳- 水耦合过程共包括土 壤- 植被节点、植被- 大气节点(气孔节点)、土壤- 大气节点和生化节点4 个碳- 水耦合节点。碳- 水间的生化反应、气 孔对光合- 蒸腾的共同控制和优化调控作用、生态系统对碳、水循环的同向驱动机制分别是陆地生态系统碳- 水耦 合的生物化学、生物物理学和生态学基础,共同构成了碳- 水耦合的基本作用机制。我们还用水分利用效率(WUE) 概念对碳- 水耦合过程中的碳/水耦合比例关系作了探讨。  相似文献   

Quantitative study on pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation history from central Canada     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(8)

Based on high-resolution pollen records from lake cores in central Canada, the present study instructed pollen taxa assignations in ecosystem groups and modern analogue technique, reported major results of quantitative reconstructions of vegetation history during the last 1000 years, and discussed the validation of simulated vegetation. The results showed that in central America (115°-95°W, 40°-60°N), best analogue of the modern vegetation is 81% for boreal forest, 72% for parkland, and 94% for grassland-parkland, which are consistent with vegetation distributions of the North American Ecosystem II. Simulations of the past vegetation from the sedimentary pollen showed climate changes during the past 1000 years: it was warm and dry in the Medieval Warm period, cold and wet in the earlier period and cold and dry in the later period of the Little Ice Age. It became obviously increasing warm and drought in the 20th century. The present studies would provide us scientific basis to understand vegetation and climate changes during the last 1000 years in a characteristic region and in 10-100 year time scales.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游断流河道整治引发的生态问题与重建对策分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

赵万羽  陈亚宁 《地理科学》2008,28(4):496-500

长期断流导致塔里木河下游主河道发育受阻,自然生态系统萎缩。河道治理措施保障了主河道输水的顺畅和水文生态的完整性,实现了上下游补偿性生态大转移(生态回归),但却抑制了河道自然发生规律,改变了原生种繁殖更新环境,河道两侧自然生态过程受阻,可持续维持的生命带变窄,人类需借助外力才能实现生态修复。塔里木河下游断流区生态恢复重建需要尊重客观历史,依托区域原有植被自然发生规律,应选择以柽柳灌丛为主要恢复种类,辅助人工引水渠系设施建设、断根萌蘖、人工补植等辅助手段,逐步实现对退化生态系统修复。  相似文献